[26] Question, like perception, requires justification. Legitimate doubt irritates and inhibits, in the perception that belief is the fact upon which a person is prepared to act.[one] It arises from confrontation with a few certain recalcitrant matter of simple fact (which Dewey known as a "condition"), which unsettles our belief in certain particular proposition. Inquiry is then the rationally self-managed process of aiming to return to a settled condition of belief with regards to the matter. Observe that anti-skepticism is a response to fashionable educational skepticism from the wake of Descartes. The pragmatist insistence that all expertise is tentative is quite congenial to the more mature skeptical tradition.
Dewey was opposed to other moral philosophies of his time, notably the emotivism of Alfred Ayer. Dewey envisioned the opportunity of ethics being an experimental self-control, and imagined values could very best be characterized not as inner thoughts or imperatives, but as hypotheses about what steps will cause satisfactory benefits or what he termed consummatory expertise.
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